How to downgrade firmware

Downgrading firmware is tricky nowadays and impossible without root access. You should treat firmware upgrade as a one-way ticket. If your currently installed firmware version has no known issues, you should not upgrade, or you may be stuck with a buggy firmware version.
If you really want to upgrade, I suggest upgrading one version at a time until you are happy with it. Research the firmware version you plan to upgrade to online (Reddit, Discord) to see whether it contains any known issues that affect your usage and grab the firmware upgrade files from my archive.
There is no firmware-wide anti-rollback mechanism, you just need a special tool to bypass the checks. Pick the tool that matches your webOS version. The projects themselves have detailed instructions on how to use them:
webOS versionToolRoot required
webOS 6 – 26 (confirmed to be working for webOS 24 and 26)moe.exkc.accessusb (usage, download)Yes
webOS 3.0 – 7? (max webOS version unknown)downgr8 (new method)Yes
webOS 1 – 2downgr8 (old method)No